Anatomy Abdomen (Demo)

During your first laparoscopic cholecystectomy, you encounter difficult anatomy in Calot’s triangle. While applying a haemostatic clip, the cystic artery is accidentally avulsed, causing significant bleeding. What is the most likely source of this haemorrhage?

A 6-month-old infant presents with recurrent vomiting and failure to thrive. Imaging reveals a congenital anomaly causing obstruction in the duodenum. Further evaluation identifies the pancreas encircling the duodenum. Where is the most likely site of obstruction in this condition?

A 67-year-old male with a long history of hypertension and smoking presents with a pulsatile abdominal mass, intermittent flank pain, and recent onset of hematuria. Imaging reveals a large abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) measuring 5.5 cm, located near the renal arteries. The aneurysm is displacing the left renal vein, causing compression of surrounding structures. Given the anatomical relationship, which branch of the aorta is most likely to be affected at this level?

An 18-year-old male is undergoing an orchidectomy via a scrotal approach. During the procedure, the surgeons mobilize the spermatic cord. Which structure is responsible for forming the outermost layer of the spermatic cord?

A 78-year-old man presents with a rapidly growing mass on his scrotum. Upon biopsy, the lesion is confirmed as a carcinoma. The physician is concerned about the possibility of lymphatic spread. In which lymph node group is the tumor most likely to initially metastasize?

A 45-year-old man presents with a history of trauma to the pelvic region. Upon examination and imaging, the physician is concerned about potential injury to the male urethra. Understanding the anatomical structure and surrounding tissues of the male urethra is important for proper diagnosis and management, especially when diagnosing and treating injuries or conditions affecting the male urethra and performing related surgical procedures. The physician seeks to identify which part of the male urethra is entirely surrounded by Buck’s fascia.

A 70-year-old man undergoes an oesophagectomy and an oesophagogastric anastomosis is constructed. The surgical team is concerned about the blood supply to the gastric component. The arterial supply to the gastric component is mainly provided by which of these vessels?

A 56-year-old male is referred to the colorectal clinic due to complaints of perianal itching, pain, and bleeding. On physical examination, a large, polypoidal mass is found inferior to the dentate line. A biopsy confirms squamous cell carcinoma. Given the location of the tumor, to which lymph node group is it most likely to metastasize?

A 64-year-old male undergoes a contrast-enhanced CT scan to investigate chronic abdominal pain. The imaging reveals atherosclerotic changes in the abdominal aorta and significant narrowing of the arterial branch supplying the descending colon. The radiologist notes that this branch is the most inferior anterior branch of the abdominal aorta. Which artery is it?

A 42-year-old male presents with jaundice and upper abdominal pain. An ultrasound reveals an enlarged lymph node compressing the biliary tree. A CT scan shows a mass near the porta hepatis, compressing several structures. During the surgical evaluation, the surgeon identifies the structures within the porta hepatis. Which of the following is NOT part of the porta hepatis?