Management and Legal Issues in Surgery (Demo)

A researcher is analyzing a dataset from a clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of a new drug for hypertension. The dataset includes multiple subgroups based on age, gender, and comorbidities. To make the findings more “interesting” for publication, the researcher conducts numerous statistical tests on these subgroups without pre-specifying hypotheses. Which of the following methods should be used to minimize the risk of false-positive results due to multiple comparisons?

In a clinical trial comparing the efficacy of two antihypertensive drugs, a p-value of 0.03 is obtained when comparing the mean reduction in blood pressure between the two groups. What does this p-value represent?

A 45-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes is being consented for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The surgeon explains the general risks of the procedure, such as infection and bleeding, but does not mention the risk of bile duct injury, which is rare but can have significant consequences. The patient consents to the procedure, but postoperatively, they suffer a bile duct injury and claim they were not adequately informed about this risk. Which of the following best reflects the Montgomery ruling in this scenario?

A researcher is analyzing a dataset from a clinical trial investigating the recovery times of patients after a surgical procedure. The dataset includes both discrete and continuous variables. Which of the following statements about quantitative data is false?

A cohort study is being designed to investigate the relationship between physical inactivity and the development of type 2 diabetes. Which of the following is the usual outcome measure in a cohort study?